ALEXANDER II. (Anselmo Baggio), pope from 1061 to 1073, was
a native of Milan. As bishop of Lucca he had been an energetic
coadjutor with Hildebrand in endeavouring to suppress simony,
and to enforce the celibacy of the clergy. His election, which
Hildebrand had arranged in conformity with the decree of 1059
(see NICHOLAS II.), was not sanctioned by the imperial court of
Germany. This court, faithful to the practice observed by
it in the preceding elections, nominatod another candidate,
Cadalus, bishop of Parma, who was proclaimed at the council
of Basel under the name of Honorius II., marched to Rome, and
for a long time jeopardized his rival's position. At length,
however, he was abandoned by the Germanic court and deposed
by a council held at Mantua; and Alexander's position remained
unchallenged. Alexander was succeeded by his associate
Hildebrand, who took the title of Gregory VII. (L. D.*)
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